In the realms of biotechnology and immunotherapy, antibodies have long stood as formidable weapons against various diseases, notably cancer and autoimmune conditions. Conventionally, immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies have dominated this arena. However, recent strides in non-IgG antibody engineering herald a transformative era, promising more potent and adaptable therapies.   While IgG...

Microfluidic chips have garnered significant interest from both academic and industrial sectors since their inception. The launch of the journal "Lab on a Chip" in 2001 marked a pivotal moment, quickly establishing itself as a cornerstone publication and catalyzing further global research in microfluidic chips. In 2004, Business 2.0 magazine featured chip laboratories prominently, identifying...

The term "single cell" refers to an individual cell, isolated and examined on its own. Analysis conducted specifically on individual cells is collectively referred to as single-cell sequencing analysis, while sequencing performed on these isolated cells is termed single-cell sequencing. Sequencing multiple cells or a group of cells falls outside the realm of single-cell sequencing....

In the dynamic landscape of biomedical research, the realm of tumor treatment is experiencing a transformative shift, with Bispecific Antibodies (BsAbs) emerging as a groundbreaking therapeutic cornerstone in the fight against cancer.   Bispecific antibodies, a class of antibodies adept at simultaneously binding to two distinct antigens, present a paradigm shift in cancer treatment....

Therapeutic antibodies, developed through advanced biotechnology, represent a specialized category of antibodies designed to treat a range of diseases by targeting specific biomarkers. These engineered antibodies are crafted to address malignancies, autoimmune disorders, and infections with greater precision and reduced side effects compared to conventional therapies.   In immunotherapy,...

Bacteria are covered by polysaccharides on their outer surface, which can appear as capsules, glycoproteins, or glycolipids. This bacterial sugar coat constitutes the principal antigens in most pathogenic bacteria and plays a critical role in host-pathogen interactions. With increased understanding of polysaccharide biosynthesis and its interplay with polymer modification and synthesis,...

For decades, CNS diseases have imposed significant physical and mental burdens on affected individuals. With over 95% of CNS diseases having unknown causes, scientists face substantial challenges in developing effective treatments. Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease are among the most prevalent CNS conditions, and despite extensive research, the complexity of the brain has...

Though the COVID-19 pandemic may have somewhat faded from the forefront of public attention, its enduring impact persists. Nations worldwide have grappled with recurring waves of infection over the past three years, despite many establishing immunity barriers. However, concerns about long COVID symptoms and the potential for recurrent infections persist, posing significant challenges to...

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by erosive arthritis, an autoimmune condition leading to joint deformities and functional loss. It can also be complicated by pulmonary disease, cardiovascular issues, malignancies, and depression.   The exact cause of RA remains elusive, but infections have been proposed as environmental triggers in up to 20% of patients. A recent article,...

Exosomes have emerged as promising candidates for treating central nervous system (CNS) disorders, thanks to advancements in research. Their significance is growing in a field where their effectiveness has become increasingly vital.   Over the past decade, studies have highlighted the essential role of extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes, in facilitating both short-range and...