The mechanical heart is only as reliable as its power source. Currently, most implanted artificial hearts and VADs are powered via a "driveline"—a cable that exits the patient's abdomen and connects to an external controller and battery pack. This driveline represents a significant clinical challenge, as the exit site is a constant potential portal for infection. Managing this site requires strict hygiene protocols and specialized dressings to prevent bacteria from traveling along the cable into the chest cavity.

To eliminate the driveline, engineers are developing Transcutaneous Energy Transfer (TET) systems. These systems use internal and external induction coils to transfer power through the skin wirelessly, similar to how a smartphone charges on a pad. A comprehensive look at the manufacturers leading the development of these wireless power systems is available in the Artificial Heart Market industry updates. While promising, TET systems must overcome the "heat dissipation" issue, as the energy transfer process can raise the temperature of the surrounding tissue.

In addition to the power source, the "controller" acts as the brain of the artificial heart. It monitors the pump’s speed, flow rate, and power consumption in real-time. Sophisticated algorithms are used to adjust the pump's output based on the patient's activity level—speeding up when the patient walks and slowing down during sleep. This "physiologic sensitivity" is crucial for ensuring that the patient doesn't experience lightheadedness or fluid overload during changes in physical exertion.